It is not (yet) possible to re-replicate replicated backup data - hopefully, that makes sense. 
The key word in the sentence above is "(yet)" 
I imagine if you lose the original array the source VDPA appliance was on, that means the source VDPA appliance was also lost, which means you would have nothing to replicate back to anyway until storage is available at the source site and a new VDPA appliance is deployed.
One possible "workaround": Deploy a third VDPA appliance with a replication-only license at the source site on different storage, if available. Replicate backup data from your primary, fully-licensed appliance to both the local and remote VDPA appliances with replication-only licenses. That "different storage" could be something as simple as a large local hard drive in one of your vSphere hosts. Granted, the VDPA appliance would be tied to that host, but having a local copy of replicated backup data would enable faster restores in this scenario (versus restoring the VMs at the remote target site and then somehow moving those VMs back to the source site, e.g., vSphere Replication).